The PERFECT TENSE is used to talk about something you have done. To form you use the following structure:
HABER + past participle
The parts of HABER in the present are:
he / has / ha / hemos / habéis / han
The past participle is formed by adding -ado to the stem of ar verbs, and by adding -ido to the stem of er and ir verbs. Both parts are then put together.
Por ejemplo:
| tomar | comer | vivir |
| he tomado | he comido | he vivido |
| has tomado | has comido | has vivido |
| ha tomado | ha comido | ha vivido |
| hemos tomado | hemos comido | hemos vivido |
| habéis tomado | habéis comido | habéis vivido |
| han tomado | han comido | han vivido |
The Spanish perfect is used just as the English and is translated as 'I have...', 'you have...', 'he has...' etc.
Han llegado temprano.
They have arrived early.
Note - The past participle is invariable - it doesn't change in spelling, only the corresponding part of HABER changes.
Note - The auxiliary HABER is never separated from the past participle.
Note - If the sentence is in the negative form, the NO goes before both parts of the perfect tense.